|
|
| Jan 45 |
The Group flew three bomber escort missions
and 18 photo escort missions. |
| 8 Jan 45 |
The Group moved from Lucera to Vincenzo airfields. |
| 16 Jan 45 |
The Group received secret orders for an operation
which turned out to be an escort mission for heads of state involved
in the Yalta Conference, dubbed Operation ARGONAUT. The trip
covered three continents and 16,000 miles. Lt Fred McKloskey, 27th FS, was killed in action, and Lt John M. Broderick, 71st FS, was killed when he crashed into a mountain near Ancona, Italy (MACR# 15795) |
| 20 Jan 45 |
Lt Lavon Taylor, 27th FS, was killed in action. |
| 21 Jan 45 |
On a photo recon mission over Stuttgart, Flight Officer Thomas R. Graffam, a 94th pilot, was shot down on his first or second
mission by anti-aircraft gunfire. Damaged initially, on the return back
he was hit again near Venice. His plane went down in the Adriatic
and F/O Graffam died swimming with his chute (Germans were approaching). On the same mission, Lt James H. Hutchinson, Jr. from the 94th and Lt Robert Carrothers, 27th FS, were reported missing in action. The group ceased flying local combat missions until Operation ARGONAUT was completed.
MACR # |
A/C Type |
Serial # |
Group |
Squadron |
Notes |
|
11538 |
P-38J |
42-67898 |
1st FG |
27 |
Lt Carrothers, KIA, Italy |
|
11748 |
P-38L |
44-25039 |
1st FG |
94 |
Lt James H. Hutchinson, Jr, MIA, Prague, Czech |
|
| 19 Feb 45 |
The Group completed Operation ARGONAUT, escorting President Roosevelt to Yalta, Russia. |
| 1 Mar 45 |
Lt Frank T. McHugh, 27th FS killed in action near Vienna.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Notes |
12520 |
3/1/1945 |
P-38J |
42-104222 |
1st FG |
|
Vienna, Austria, Lt McHugh, FOD |
|
| 4 Mar 45 |
Lt Col Charles W. Thaxton missing during mission to Hungary (sheltered by Yugoslav partisans, returned Apr 45 to command group) |
| 8-26 Mar |
During one of the busiest flying periods in
unit history so far the group flew 16 heavy bomber escort missions
plus seven dive bomb/strafing missions to Austria, Germany and
Yugoslavia. The group obtained P-38L models by this time, equipped
with rear warning radar. |
| 9 Mar 45 |
Lt John Felsinger of the 94th died when he
pulled out too low over a bomb blast on a bridge over the Mur
River, Knittlefeld, Austria. |
| 14 Mar 45 |
The rear warning radar proved invaluable when
a P-38 in the tail end of a formation avoided an attack from
the German jet. |
| 18 Mar 45 |
Maj Paul Ash, 27th FS, missing in action. Lt Steve Dostal, 71st FS, shot down over Yugoslavia and listed as missing in action. Lt Dostal eventually returned to the unit with a very interesting story.
MACR # |
Date |
A/C Type |
Serial # |
Group |
Squadron |
Notes |
13064 |
3/18/1945 (16th?) |
P-38L |
43-28481 |
1st FG |
71 |
Dostal, MIA, returned |
13063 |
3/18/1945 (16th?) |
P-38L |
44-24398 |
1st FG |
27 |
Ash, MIA, returned |
|
| March 45 |
Mr. Harold Tittmann, assistant to President
Roosevelt's representative to the Vatican and 94th alumni from
WWI visited the group |
| 25 Mar 45 |
The group strafed an area between Regensberg
and Nuremberg, hitting railroad stock protected by train mounted
anti aircraft guns called flak cars. Lt. J. H.Tappan, 27 FS; P 38 L 44-24387, crashed near Pommelsbrunn and was killed in action (MACR# 13257). |
| 31 Mar 45 |
During a fighter sweep in the Vienna area
Col Arthur C. Agan, the group C.O. flew in a mission where the 94th and
71st ended up separated between cloud layers. When the aircraft
dove through a hole in the clouds near the Russian front lines,
a hail of antiaircraft gunfire awaited them. Colonel Agan and
Lt. Rolla G. Gillen both were hit. With his plane on fire the Colonel
bailed out over German front line trenches and taken prisoner.
Eventually he reunited with member of the Group in May (1945).
Lt R. G. Gillen, 94th, was killed in action. Two more P-38s were hit but one managed
to return to base. Lt Norman Crawford, 71st, piloted the second damaged aircraft
and last seen heading into the Russian lines. He eventually returned
at the end of April.
The 27th shot down a FW 190 and an He-111
in addition to destroying a large amount of railroad stock. This
occurred at the expense of two of their pilots, Lt Cary Hendrix and
Lt Edgar Coury, the latter from anti aircraft and the former during the
Heinkel chase. The day resulted in a loss of five during a month
where 10 total aircrews were lost.
MACR # |
Date |
A/C Type |
Serial # |
Group |
Squadron |
Notes |
|
13484 |
3/31/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24053 |
1st FG |
27 |
Hendrix, MIA |
|
13482 |
3/31/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24183 |
1st FG |
27 |
Coury, KIA |
|
13480 |
3/31/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24382 |
1st FG |
HQ |
Agan, POW |
|
13481 |
3/31/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24420 |
1st FG |
71 |
Crawford, MIA after crash in Pecs, Hungary. Picked up by Russians, returned late April
|
|
13479 |
3/31/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24654 |
1st FG |
94 |
Gillen, MIA |
|
| April 45 |
The last full month of the war and the busiest,
operationally, for the group for the whole war. 14 dive bombing,
twelve bomber escorts some concurrently on the same day, two
fighter sweeps, and 29 photo escorts. P-80 jet fighters secretly join 1st Fighter Group at Lake Lessina. Maj Ed LaClare flies two sorties in P-80. |
| 5 Apr 45 |
Lt Gerald Isbell, 71st FS, was killed in action in Italy.
MACR # |
Date |
A/C Type |
Serial # |
Group |
Squadron |
| 13647 |
4/5/1945 |
P-38J |
42-104405 |
1st FG |
71st |
|
| 6 Apr 45 |
A dive bombing mission to southern Germany
resulted in a difficult struggle against the weather conditions
as severe cloud conditions and snow forced the flight to jettison
its bombs and return home |
| 7 Apr 45 |
A repeat of the mission scratched yesterday
resulted in another jettison of muntions when the clouds refused
to break up under an altitude of 2,000 feet. |
| 8 Apr 45 |
Multiple bridges spanned the valley where
the P-38s went to bomb however, disagreement arose on which bridge
to hit. |
| 9 Apr 45 |
After three days of bad weather and uncertainty
the group finally hit their mar, the Seefeld bridge. Another
Me 262 jet was encountered without event to either side. |
| 11 Apr 45 |
Lt Col Thaxton returned to assume command
of the Group from Col Milton Ashkins for a brief time, just over
two weeks until he required hospitalization, then Askins resumed
the command on April 28th |
| 14 Apr 45 |
One of the many escort missions flown this
month occurred |
| 15 Apr 45 |
A force of 32 P-38s escorted B-17s to Bologna,
Italy in support of the U.S. 5th Army offensive in Northern Italy.
During the milk run, the B-17s devastated the enemy ground troops
and did much to aid the allied armies.
A second force of P-38s strafed rail lines
in Southern Germany, specifically in Regensburg-Salzburg-Munich.
After splitting up in squadron size formations., the 71st went
to Lake Chiem toward Munich, the 94th went to Regensburg south
toward Landshut, and the 27th strafed from Regensburg southeast
parallel with the Danube toward Passaau. In addition to the multitude
of ground targets either damaged or destroyed, the group also
claimed an aerial victory over an FW-190.
Unfortunately, Five pilots did not
return from this mission including all three squadron leaders.
However one did survive - Capt Everett S. Lindley the 94th squadron
and mission leader. The four fatalities consisted of Cpt Chester
Trout, 27th leader, hit by flak just west of Passau and crashed
in flames, Major Joseph Elliot, the 71st leader, also hit by
anti aircraft fire, crashed at Feldkirchen east of Munich and was killed. Lt Edward Brickly, 27th FS, and Lt George McGrew, 71st, were both hit
by flak, and were killed in ensuing crashes.
MACR # |
Date |
A/C Type |
Serial # |
Group |
Squadron |
Notes |
| 13799 |
4/15/1945 |
P-38 |
44-24132 |
1st FG |
94 |
Regensburg, Germany, Lt Lindley, POW |
| 13802 |
4/15/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24190 |
1st FG |
71 |
Munich, Germany, Lt McGrew, KIA |
| 13801 |
4/15/1945 |
P-38L |
44-24632 |
1st FG |
27 |
Trout, MIA |
| 13797 |
4/15/1945 |
P-38L |
44-25698 |
1st FG |
27 |
Regensburg, Germany, Brickley, MIA |
| 13800 |
4/15/1945 |
P-38L |
44-25734 |
1st FG |
71 |
Munich, Germany, Elliott, KIA |
|
| 20 Apr 45 |
The Group targeted the Innsbruck area in a
dive bombing/strafing mission. |
| 21 Apr 45 |
The group hit the Munich area |
| 22 Apr 45 |
Continuing missions advancing to the Po Valley |
| 23 Apr 45 |
During this day's mission attacking targets of opportunity in northern Italy, Captain Larry Reynolds,
27th squadron leader and Captain John Hurst, flight leader, were
both struck by flak and successfully bailed out. Both were on their second tour of duty with the 1st FG. The 71st leader,
Cpt Clarence Knapp died when his aircraft was hit in the left wing at an altitude
of only 50 feet, burst into flames, flipped over and dove in (wingman Steve Dostal's account on his first mission after rejoining the unit).
MACR # |
Date |
A/C Type |
Serial # |
Group |
Squadron |
Notes |
| 14034 |
4/23/1945 |
P-38 |
44-24202 |
1st FG |
27 |
Verona, Italy, Knapp MIA (KIA) |
| 14032 |
4/23/1945 |
P-38 |
44-24379 |
1st FG |
27 |
Padova, Italy, Hurst |
| 14033 |
4/23/1945 |
P-38 |
44-24383 |
1st FG |
27 |
Padova, Italy, Reynolds, Returned |
|
| 6 May 45 |
Five P-38s of the 27th escorted two Halifax
aircraft of the RAF to Yugoslavia to drop supplies in the mountains
west of Celje. Despite subsequent events in preparation of possible
action in the Pacific theater, this turned out to be the last
combat mission flown in WWII by the 1st Fighter Group. |
| 7 May 45 |
A training program devised to educate pilots
on Japanese aircraft recognition began. |
| 26 Jul 45 |
During a navigational training flight Lt George
McGinnis, 27th FS, died in a crash from a 1500 ft dive into the Po River. |
| Aug 45 |
The group flew all its remaining P-38s to
Bari for salvage. For a brief period pilots of the Group flew
war weary B-25s to transport high ranking Army personnel from
remote locations in Northern Italy to Naples for redeployment
into the States. |
| 6 Aug 45 |
Hiroshima and Nagasaki hit with atomic bombs
eventually ending WWII altogether. |
| 18 Sep 45 |
94th Squadron deactivated while located at
Caserta, near Naples. |
| 16 Oct 45 |
The 1st Fighter Group was deactivated, ending
36 continuous years of service. |
| 3 Jul 47 |
The 1st Fighter Group was reactivated along
with all three squadrons using the personnel and assets of the
inactivated 412th Fighter Group at March Field and becoming the
only operational jet fighter outfit in the army air corps. |
| Sept 47 |
USAF established |
| 1952 |
1st Fighter Inactivated |
| 1955 |
1st Fighter Reactivated |
| 1961 |
1st Fighter Inactivated |
| 1970 |
General Momyer reactivated the 1st Fighter
and the squadrons were chosen in a shootout. |
|